Combined Civil Services (Main) Examination- Group-II Services

Advent of Europeans: The Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, the Danish and the French;

Expansion of British rule: Carnatic Wars;

Early uprisings against British Rule: Revolt of Poligars, South Indian Rebellion, Vellore Mutiny, Indian National Movements - Moderates, Extremists and Terrorist Movements – Gandhian Era;

Early stage of Freedom movement in Tamil Nadu – First voice for freedom struggle from Tamil Nadu – Protests by Pulithevar, Veerapandya Kattabomman, Dheeran Chinnamalai, Velunachiar, Kuyili and others; Role of Tamil Nadu in freedom struggle – V.O.Chidambaram, Bharathiyar, V.V. Subramanian, Vanchinathan, Subramania Siva, T.S.S Rajan, Rajaji, Sathyamoorthy, Kamaraj, Rukmani Lakshmi Pathi, Ambujammal and others;

Types of freedom struggle – Sacrifices – Magazines – Literature – Plays/Drama – Songs – Films etc.;

Contribution of women in the freedom struggle and social work: Dr Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar, Muvalur Ramamirtham, Cuddalore Anjalai Ammal, Thillaiyadi Valliammai, and others;

Impact of British Rule: Christian Missionaries, Development of Education, Judiciary, Local Self Governance System, Police, Transport and Communication - Disappearance of Indigenous Industries - Spread of Western Culture;

Origin and Growth of “Social – Justice” ideology, Socio- Religious Movements, Political Parties and Achievements.

Ancient Tamil Society – Archeological excavation evidence – Arikamedu, Adichanallur, Keezhadi – Sangam Literature – Classical Tamil;

Thirukkural - Guidance for way of life to human elevation - Guidelines given by Thirukkural in the field of administration, judiciary and day to day life - Philosophical thoughts laid down by Thirukkural for betterment and integration of the whole of humanity;

Socio political movements of 19th and 20th centuries, Vallalar’s Samarasa Sutha Sanmarga Satya Sangam – Origin and development of Justice Party – Impact of Rationalism Movement, Self-Respect Movement, History and Development of Dravidian Movement, Tani Tamil Iyakkam (Pure Tamil Movement) - Tamil Society Reforms personalities – Thanthai Periyar, Arignar Anna, and other scholars;

Arts – Cultural conventions of Tamilians – Ancient cultural knowledge of Tamilians – Conventional thoughts of Tamilians;

Cultural Elements: Tamil Nadu State Government Symbols - Experts in Cultural Fields - Folk Dances, Folk Music, Folk Drama, and World Tamil Conferences.

Population Explosion: Fertility – Mortality – Migration – Morbidity – Census 2011 - Population control programmes – National Population Policy 2000 – Family planning and its achievements;

Health Care: Poor sanitation – Rural and Urban disparities – Poor infrastructure – Insufficient health care delivery – Role of Panchayat Raj and Urban Development Agencies – Health policy in India – Health care programmes in India;

Child Labour and Child Abuse: Child Education – School Dropouts – Gender disparities – Initiatives to eliminate Child Labour in India – Media and enhanced vulnerability – Laws to protect child abuse and welfare schemes;

Women Empowerment: Domestic violence – Dowry problems – Sexual assault – Eve teasing – Kidnapping – Laws and awareness programmes – Role of Government and NGOs in women empowerment – Welfare schemes;

Marginalised Groups: Problems – Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes – Elderly – People with disability – Transgender - Religious minorities – Central and State Government welfare programmes to marginalised groups.

Social Changes: Urbanization - Modernization – Globalization – Policy, Planning and Programmes in India – Impact of Violence on Society – Religious Violence – Terrorism and Communal Violence – Causes and Remedies; Current Affairs.

Robotics and Applications;

Atomic and Nuclear Physics – Applications of nuclear energy;

Diodes and Transistors and their Applications;

Broadcasting Technology;

Electrochemical cells - Types of electrodes – Batteries - Lithium-ion Battery;

Fuels: Gaseous fuels – LPG, Natural gas and water gas;

Polymers: Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics, PVC, PET, Nylon 66, Teflon;

Medicinal Chemistry: Analgesics - Paracetamol and Aspirin, Antibiotics - Penicillin and Chloromycetin;

Biotechnology: Applications of Biotechnology – Plant Genetic Engineering – concepts - transgenic plants, edible vaccines, Terminator Gene technology, BT Cotton, Golden rice, Flavr Savr tomato, Social and ecological impact of genetically modified crops - Biotechnological methods for crop improvement - Application of plant tissue culture in Forestry, Horticulture - Recombinant DNA Technology – DNA cloning - DNA fingerprinting – applications of PCR and ELISA in disease diagnosis – hybridoma techniques in the production of Mono Clonal Antibodies (MCA) – Animal cell culture techniques – stem cells and its applications;

Applications of GIS;

Nanotechnology – Fundamentals – Applications - Nano Fertilizer, Nano Pesticides, Green Nanotechnology and Nano-farming;

Advanced reproductive techniques: In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) – Intra–Uterine Insemination (IUI) – Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) – Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) – cryopreservation of sperm;

Components of Computer – Computer Organization and Architecture – System Software and Application Software – Data Communication Networks – Cryptography – Computer Graphics and Multimedia – Mobile Computing and Communication – Web Technology and applications – E-Commerce – Cloud Computing Architecture – IOT – Artificial Intelligence Applications – Machine learning - Cyber Security – Biometrics – Blockchain Technology; Current Affairs.

Constitution of India: Preamble and Philosophical features – Salient features and Sources – Union, States and Union Territories - Citizenship - Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy;

Union Executive: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers – Cabinet – Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) – Parliament Committees – Major Constitutional Amendments;

State Government: Chief Minister and Council of Ministers

Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Structure, Powers and Functions;

Local Governments: Three-tier system - 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments - Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1994 – Grama Sabha – Working of PRIs in Tamil Nadu – District Collector’s role in Development Administration;

Dynamics of Indian Federalism: Centre-State relations: Administrative, Legislative, Financial – Issues and Challenges;

Judiciary in India: Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts – Subordinate Courts (Structure and Functions) – Judicial Review - Judicial Activism – Public Interest Litigation;

Electoral System in India – Election Commission (Constitutional Provisions, Composition, powers and functions);

Party system in India: Regional and National political parties in India and Tamil Nadu;

Integrity in Indian Polity: Corruption in Politics – Anti-Corruption measures: Lokpal and Lok Ayukta – Central Vigilance Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General of India - Central Bureau of Investigation - Enforcement Directorate - Right to Information – Right to Services – Consumers’ Rights – Consumer Protection Act 2019 – Human Rights Act 1993 – National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commission - Social Audit – Citizen’s Charter;

Political parties in Tamil Nadu: Regional and National Parties – Welfare schemes and measures of successive Governments in Tamil Nadu after 1947 – Reservation and Language policy in Tamil Nadu – Impact of welfare schemes and measures in the socio-economic development of Tamil Nadu;

Education and Health Administrative Structure in Tamil Nadu: Evolution – Achievements of Tamil Nadu in various fields: Education, Health, Industrial, Information Technology, Agriculture, Women and Marginalised Groups;

E-governance and Mobile governance initiatives in Tamil Nadu – Public Service Delivery through e-governance. TNeGA – e Service Centres;

Problems in Public Service delivery in Tamil Nadu; Current Affairs.

Geographical Location – Physical units – River system – Climate – Soil – Natural vegetation – Agriculture crops – Livestock – Fisheries;

Irrigation – Multipurpose Projects;

Minerals: iron ore, manganese, copper, bauxite, gold, silver, mica, coal, petroleum and natural Gas;

Energy Resources: hydel, thermal, nuclear, wind, tidal and solar;

Industries: textile, jute, sugar, cement, iron and steel, automobile and shipbuilding;

Transport: road, railway, water and air;

Environment - Global and national environmental issues – pollution - air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, noise, electronic and solid wastes - Management of municipal solid wastes and bio-medical wastes;

Biodiversity and Conservation: Definition, types - genetic, species and ecosystem diversity - values - threats to biodiversity - habitat destruction, invasive species and anthropogenic activities - climatic change and wildfire;

Causes and consequences of species extinction;

Biodiversity conservation: in-situ and ex-situ;

Biodiversity conservation strategies: international environmental governance - Biodiversity Act (BDA), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF);

Biodiversity hotspots of India;

Sustainable development – Sustainable development goals and targets - clean and green energy - Paris Agreement and COP28;

Disaster Management: Overview of disasters - definitions and types; Introduction to disaster risk management framework;

Natural calamities - Anthropogenic disasters - global warming and climate change, industrial accidents; Climate change governance - mitigations and adaptations;

Role of space technology in disaster management, National action plan for climate change - Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority – Tamil Nadu Disaster Management Plan – Role of NGO and Civil society organisation in disaster management and mitigation in Tamil Nadu; Current Affairs.

Nature of Indian Economy: An assessment – Structure of Indian Economy - New Economic Policy: Rationale – Components – Privatisation, Deregulation, Trade Liberalisation. Indian Economy since 1991 Reforms (Overview only) –

Sources of Revenue: Revenue Receipts – Capital Receipts – Revenue Expenditure – Capital Expenditure;

Reserve Bank of India: Functions, Monetary Policy – Components - Fiscal Policy: Fiscal reforms – Fiscal Responsibility and Budgetary Management (FRBM) Act

Finance Commission: Revenue sharing between Union and State Governments – Recommendations of recent Finance Commission;

Agricultural and Rural Development: Land Reforms – Rural Credit, Modern Farming Technics and Marketing - e-NAM (electronic – National Agricultural Marketing) – Price Policy – M.S. Swaminathan Commission’s Recommendations - Subsidies – Commercialisation and Diversification of Agriculture – Rural Development Programmes – Poverty Alleviation Programmes – National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS);

Labour: Employment – Types – Sectoral Distribution – Labour Welfare Measures – Recent Indian Employment Report of International Labour Organisation (ILO) (Overview only);

Poverty and Human Development: Estimates of Inequality and Poverty alleviation measures – Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) and Happiness Index (HI);

Foreign trade: Composition, Direction and Organisation of Trade – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Balance of Trade – Balance of Payment – External Debt; Current Affairs.